Partindo do pensamento de Platão, mas especificamente em sua obra A República, em que o filósofo argumenta que a música e a poesia dos gregos não podem ser apenas estudadas como um fenômeno estético, porque elas se articulam intimamente com a moral e com a visão de mundo daquela sociedade, pretende-se compreender a relação entre logos e mousiké na cultura grega.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a much-discussed subject in the business world. The Internet has become one of the main tools for CSR information disclosure, allowing companies to publicise more information less expensively and faster than ever before. As a result, corporations are increasingly concerned with communicating ethically and responsibly to the diversity of stakeholders through the web. This paper addresses the main question as whether CSR information disclosure on corporate websites is influenced by country of origin and/or industry (...) sector. Analysing the websites of 127 corporations from emerging countries, such as Brazil, Chile, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Thailand and South Africa, it becomes evident that both country of origin and industry sector have a significant influence over CSR information disclosure on the web (CSRIDOW). Based on the data studied, country of origin has a stronger influence over CSRIDOW than industry sector. (shrink)

ENTREVISTA COM PROFESSORAS (ES) DE FILOSOFIA DO ENSINO SUPERIOR DO CEARÁ – BLOCO IICom: Cristiane Maria Marinho, Francisco José da Silva, Camila do Espírito Santo Prado de OliveiraPor: Antônio Alex Pereira de Sousa, Paulo Willame Araújo de Lima.

Resenha do livro The Ethics of Environmentally Responsible Health Care.

1a pt. Socrática. t. 1. Cármides ; Lisis ; Eutifron ; Apología; Critón ; Fedón ; Menón -- t. 5. Eutidemo ; Gorgias -- t. 7-8. República.

RESUMO Este trabalho objetiva aproximar a perspectiva filosófica de Mikhail Bakhtin à literatura de Clarice Lispector. Percebe-se a abordagem bakhtiniana da noção de “ato responsável” encenada na crônica-conto “Mineirinho” que, além de nos deslocar e nos convidar a refletir sobre o nosso ser e estar no movimento da vida, nos convoca a pensar ativa e participativamente no/o mundo experienciado e partilhado com o outro.

In Brazil, induced abortion in adolescents has been frequent in less-advantaged socioeconomic classes, and the vulnerability of these adolescents has not been addressed. Given this context, the present study sought to investigate the relationship between the practice of abortion and vulnerability in adolescents. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 201 adolescents who completed a structured questionnaire that allowed the analysis of variables with respect to intent to abort. The profile of the pregnant adolescents in the sample studied was the (...) following: average age, 16.1 years; stable partner; mulatas; did not use condoms during sexual relations; precocious with respect to their first sexual relations; and did not plan the pregnancy. According to the classification of the World Health Organization, 81.59% of the subjects‘ abortions were known to be induced. Twenty-one were vulnerable to induced abortion; of these, 13 reported forced sexual intercourse, of whom 8 reported that they had suffered associated violence. These results indicate that sexual violence and unwanted pregnancy subject adolescents to a context of greater vulnerability to induced abortion. Thus, it is suggested that this relationship should be considered from the perspective of bioethics and human rights, but always respecting the cultural values of the society in which the adolescents live, as well as their human dignity. (shrink)

This paper has two objectives: to explore how inverting questions in the Community of Philosophical Inquiry (Kennedy, 2004) can be a useful tool for triggering thought processes; and, more generally, to explore the importance of inverting the role traditionally given to children as bystanders to their own education and thought processes. On this basis, we will assume that children have an epistemic and political voice and that this voicing, placed on equal standing with the adult voice, is long overdue. It (...) is undeniable that questions have a central role in P4C sessions (Costa-Carvalho E Mendonça, 2020; Costa-Carvalho E Kohan, 2020) and that, in the context of any given community of philosophical inquiry, they can trigger (Kennedy, 2004) a wide range of thought processes. Some questions may be too vague and require sharpening to adequately address the problem at hand, while others may promote a metacognitive approach to the issue under discussion, and to the entire thought process that sustains it. We will explore how inverting questions may be useful in this context. Moreover, we will consider how this thought anastrophé may emerge in concrete philosophical discussions with children. Our argument will, therefore, navigate the intersection between language and thought, logic and semantics, and theory and practice. Assuming that the term “inversion” may offer different understandings, we will try to outline this rhizomatic approach (Deleuze and Guattari, 1987) to the concept. We will focus primarily on the child’s point of view, which we hold to be epistemologically privileged (Kennedy, 2020). It is our core belief that children´s voices should be granted scientific and political standing and that an epistemic inversion between adulthood and childhood in education must be explored. (shrink)

O presente artigo apresenta as principais distinções feitas por Arendt em torno do seu conceito de ação, assim como debate as críticas a respeito da irrelevância do conceito de ação, e seu distanciamento da política real. As críticas ao conceito de ação política debatidas no artigo partiram de Jürgen Habermas e Martin Jay. O primeiro acusa Arendt de equiparar a ação estratégica à instrumental, e, portanto, situá-la fora do âmbito político, o segundo autor vai mais longe e acusa Arendt de (...) elaborar uma concepção tão heroica de ação que compartilharia uma das faces mais sinistras do totalitarismo, sua indiferença para com considerações utilitárias. Porém, tais interpretações não condizem com os textos de Arendt. Neles, ela não descarta elementos de intencionalidade e causalidade presentes em qualquer ação humana. (shrink)

Este trabajo analiza los intentos llevados a cabo por Jeremy Bentham y John Stuart Mill para hacer converger algunos de los principales modelos de fundamentación moral: las éticas de la felicidad, como la aristotélica, o la propia ética utilitarista, las éticas del deber de raíz kantiana y las éticas de los derechos.Si conseguimos “reducir”, en primer lugar, las éticas de los derechos al modelo de la ética del deber, podremos simplificar mucho la cuestión y limitarnos a contrastar este último modelo (...) con las éticas de la felicidad, que a su vez deberían converger en la propia ética de la utilidad. No obstante, y aun reconociendo su gran interés, una convergencia completa entre modelos alternativos se revela como imposible. A pesar de los esfuerzos, sobre todo de John Stuart Mill, no es posible una unificación completa de los planteamientos utilitaristas con los de Aristóteles y Kant. La continuación de la empresa utilitarista de lucha por la unificación teórica en el ámbito del problema de la fundamentación moral encuentra un buen ejemplo actual en la obra de Esperanza Guisán. (shrink)

Academic dishonesty is a major problem and is thus a highly relevant area of inquiry. Considerable research has shown that key traits from the Big Five model of personality are associated with various forms of anti-social behaviour. To date, however, relatively little research interest has been devoted to study the relationship between personality traits and plagiarism. This study attempts to fill this gap by examining the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and the inclination to commit plagiarism by undergraduate (...) students. The main conclusion is that the inclination to plagiarize is negatively associated with Conscientiousness and Agreeableness traits. Neuroticism was not found to be related to the inclination to plagiarize. Implications of the findings are discussed. (shrink)

Rawls says that public reason is the reason of the citizens of a democratic state and takes the Supreme Court in the USA as the exemplar of public reason. It differs from non public reason, which is used e.g., in universities and academic institutions. Rawls contrasts with Kant, which opposes the public reason of the scholar—or the philosopher—, who speaks before the world, to the private reason of state or church officials. The later, once they accept an authority, cannot think (...) by themselves (selbst denken). A closer examination shows that Rawls is not so far from Kant as it seems, because he takes the constitutional judges not as they are, but as they should be. However Rawls still apparently refuses Kant’s unity of reason. Further investigation of the relations between ethical reason, democratic reason and legal reason is needed. Democratic reason is tantamount both to public reason and to legal reason in a modern constitutional state. It is a requirement of ethics but still not identical with ethical reason, since it is possible to accept democratic reason and to argue against it from an ethical point of view. There is just one good way of reasoning, in spite of the constraints that the sources of law and the rules of procedure impose on legal reasoning, compared with ethics. Such constraints are based on the democratic principle, which is again based on ethical reason, which at last both grounds and limits the constraints that law imposes on reason. (shrink)

Does Duncan Kennedy successfully cannibalize jurisprudence? He attempts to do it by demonstrating the inexistence of rightness in legal argumentation. If there is no right legal argument, then there is no right answer in adjudication, adjudication is not a rational enterprise and legal doctrine cannot be said to be a science. It can be shown that skepticism is self-defeating. Duncan Kennedy can avoid self defeat only because he actually believes in a lot of legal arguments. His thesis that judges decide (...) questions of policy without any methodology that distinguishes them from legislators does not hold. Judicial reasoning is subject to constraints that do not affect legislators. It must be based on the sources of law and is limited by rules of procedure. Even when the judges have ‘interstitial’ legislative powers they are, unlike the legislator, bound to fit the system and their decisions are considered in procedure from the perspective of the right answer doctrine. The only work that can convincingly refute the skeptic argument against legal science is the reconstruction of jurisprudence as a scientific enterprise. Such work is beyond the scope of any single paper. The article aims to give some inspirations for such a task. (shrink)

Whistleblowers who need to decide whether or not they should report wrongdoing usually experience several anxieties and pressures before making a final decision. As whistleblowers continue to attract the attention of a wide range of stakeholders, more research is necessary to understand the effects of the perceived seriousness of threats and perceived seriousness of wrongdoing, as well as the effect of the rationalization process on the intention to blow the whistle. We make the original proposal that the rationalization process can (...) affect how PST and PSW trigger whistleblowing intentions. We tested our model using employees of tax offices operating in an emerging economy. We suggest several research findings, which can be summarized as follows: PST reduces individuals’ intention to blow the whistle. That is, the greater the threat perceived by whistleblowers, the higher the likelihood they will choose to remain silent; we find evidence of a positive relationship between PSW and whistleblowing intention, whereby PSW increases individuals’ intention to blow the whistle. That is, the more serious the wrongdoing perceived by potential whistleblowers, the more likely they are to choose to blow the whistle; and we find evidence of the important role of rationalization in moderating the relationships between PST, PSW, and whistleblowing intention. The implications of these findings for business ethics scholars, managers, and end-users interested in whistleblowing are also presented. (shrink)

The main objective of our research is to analyze the correlation between the struggle for recognition, the National Truth Commission – CNV and collective memory. To achieve our goal, we propose to analyze memory from collective and social struggles evoking collective memory within an intersubjective relationship that involves disputes, negotiations, manipulations and forgetting. It is important to emphasize that the theoretical framework of our work is supported by the debate around the struggles for recognition. Therefore, we will verify, from Axel (...) Honneth, the moral grammar of the struggles around this reciprocal recognition and how this dynamic happens in current social practices and, ipso facto, we intend to articulate the discussion of the communication paradigm with collective memory. (shrink)

ENTREVISTA COM PROFESSORAS(ES) DE FILOSOFIA DO ENSINO MÉDIO DO CEARÁ – BLOCO IICom: Dayane Evellin de Sousa Costa, Emilson Silva LopesPor: Antônio Alex Pereira de Sousa, Paulo Willame Araújo de Lima.

Richard Rorty stood out as a relevant thinker of contemporary political life, in addition to building a framework of ideas of language, culture, freedom and solidarity. One of his most recurrent banners was the primacy of literature over philosophy and freedom over truth. For the purposes of this article, we start with excerpts from Rorty's interview by Helmut Mayer and Wolfgang Ulrich, compiled in the text It's good to persuade, in Take care of freedom that the truth will take care (...) of itself. In addition to this text, we also use Philosophy and social hope, and, in particular, Education as socialization and individualization, a text in which the author, moving away from the enchantment of traditional philosophy and defending the adoption of a philosophizing, primacy of freedom the edifying truth, by dogmatic, over a markedly essentialist and anti-foundationist posture. (shrink)

ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze sociohistorically how the normative patterns of hegemonic masculinity produced impacts on men’s health/mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA qualitative study from a socio-historical perspective was conducted with 50 men based on an online survey. A semistructured form was applied. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse method, interpreted in the light of the context of epidemic disease and hegemonic masculinity.ResultsThe experience of the pandemic exposed the normative patterns of masculinities from (...) the consummation of acts representative of the pandemic context, which incited men to deny the existence of COVID-19 disease and to delay the understanding and adoption of measures to protect and control COVID-19. As a repercussion, men presented conflicts in the regulation of emotions; presented emotional suppression; were more reactive; felt threatened regarding the loss of the role of family provider, virility; and revealed a sense of invulnerability, added to the weakening of self-care.ConclusionThe discourse revealed that the men’s behaviors are consistent with the characteristics of hegemonic masculinity, but express signs of recognition that this behavior causes harm to themselves and their health. (shrink)

The number of available legal documents has presented an enormous growth in recent years, and the digital processing of such materials is prompting the necessity of systems that support the automatic relevant information extraction. This work presents a system for ontology-based information extraction from natural language texts, able to identify a set of legal events. The system is based on an innovative methodology based on domain ontology of legal events and a set of linguistic rules, integrated through inference mechanism, resulting (...) in a flexible approach and scalable approach. A case study with the use of documents from the Superior Court in Brazil is related, with satisfactory results in precision and recall. (shrink)

En este trabajo se muestra la posibilidad de utilizar las Humanidades en la formación de directivos combinando dos ciencias aparentemente diversas. Después de definir las funciones principales de un directivo se identifican dichas funciones en las representaciones artísticas del emperador Carlos V y de su principal virrey en Sicilia. Este análisis de sus capacidades de liderazgo se realiza siguiendo un método conocido en el área de Gestión de Recursos Humanos como Assesment Center que valora a través de las acciones de (...) los evaluados y de testimonios de terceros la calidad de liderazgo. Como resultado comprobaremos que las obras analizadas sirven para ilustrar conceptos relacionados con la dirección de empresas de forma que el Arte se puede utilizar como una herramienta efectiva en la formación de directivos lo que indica su transversalidad a las demás ciencias. (shrink)

O presente artigo objetiva analisar os impactos da pandemia no ensino de filosofia. Mais precisamente, se ainda é possível filosofar em uma realidade de quase “terra arrasada” que atingiu a educação brasileira, durante os meses que sucederam ao noticiário da Covid-19. Para tanto, considera-se, no primeiro momento, a realidade educacional enfrentada pelos profissionais da educação no que tange ao distanciamento exigido pelas autoridades sanitárias em virtude da pandemia. Em seguida, no segundo momento, aborda-se a necessidade do ensino de filosofia, caracterizando-a (...) enquanto possibilidade crítico-reflexiva. Apesar do distanciamento social, bem como da utilização impessoal e, por vezes, abstrata das ferramentas digitais, a práxis filosófica não pode ser descartada. Por fim, intenta-se responder à provocação inicial que dá título ao presente texto, refletindo sobre as possibilidades do ato de filosofar em realidade educacional tão hostil e, em muitos aspectos, difícil de administrar, como o contexto pós-pandemia. (shrink)

System analyses deal with interrelationships between different variables that keep the system in balance. In many analysis of complex thinking, a system is viewed as a complex unit in which the ‘whole’ is not reduced to the ‘sum’ of its parts; the system becomes an ambiguous item because it consists of several entities that interact with unforeseen results or, in other words, it is situated at a transdisciplinary level, it is impossible for an area to have a complete reading of (...) its complexity. It was also mentioned that the concept of the open system best describes complexity by stating that ‘the laws of the organization are not equilibrium, but an imbalance that is restored or compensated for by stabilized dynamics’. This idea originated from the field of thermodynamics and the second law, in which the imbalance that it maintains allows the system for an apparent balance. This fragile steady state has something of a paradox, since the structures remain the same, but their constituents are changeable. The concept of open system undoes the door to a theory of evolution that can only derive from the interactions between a system and its ecosystem. Within this systemic approach, the focus of the analysis takes into account the ambiguity, multidisciplinary and complexity associated with system adjustment, i.e. it is intended to qualify an employee job based on their experience and knowledge as a measure of their impact on the organization performance. (shrink)

Este artigo tem por objetivo destacar o papel da religião na perspectiva política de Maquiavel, a forma como a religião atende os interesses da política, bem como as nuanças constatadas na relação entre política e religião a partir dos interesses específicos de cada lado, esclarecendo assim a estreita relação histórica entre esses dois pilares essenciais à sociedade republicana. Veremos como se dá tal relação, tendo como pano de fundo a prática religiosa na política em diferentes situações, a partir d’O Príncipe (...) e dos Discorsi. (shrink)

This work empirically tests the concept of the ‘whistleblowing triangle,’ which is modeled on the three factors encapsulated by the fraud triangle, in the Indonesian context. Anchored in the proposition of an original research framework on the whistleblowing triangle and derived hypotheses, this work aims to expand the body of knowledge on this topic by providing empirical evidence. The sample used is taken from audit firms affiliated with both the big 4 and non-big 4 companies operating in Indonesia. The results (...) of analysis using the PLS-PM method found a significant relationship between the components of the whistleblowing triangle and the intention of blowing the whistle. We found that financial incentives are the most significant predictor of auditors’ intention to blow the whistle in Indonesia. Other components, such as opportunity and rationalization, also play an important role in supporting auditors’ intention to blow the whistle. Our findings also suggest that related pressures are the top priority for audit firms in Indonesia to consider in increasing whistleblowing intention. We expand the previous literature on whistleblowing which has been derived from the components of the fraud triangle :28–56, 2016; Smaili and Arroyo in J Bus Ethics, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3663-7, 2017) by adding empirical evidence. (shrink)

A filosofia social se ocupa fundamentalmente de três tarefas: pelo conceito sobre uma instituição, como ela funciona e como ela se efetiva. Nesse sentido, um desafio que se apresenta para a filosofia social, sob o ponto de vista da pesquisa crítico-normativa, é pensar a instituição social não só como espinha-dorsal da sociedade, mas, sobretudo, em pensar sua possibilidade vinculativa ao argumento social-ontológico com orientação à emancipação; ou seja, de que maneira a instituição social ocupa sua tarefa crítica em promover os (...) bens sociais e direitos sociais na urdidura social. Pretendo nessa pesquisa explicitar a exigência filosófica-social do argumento social-ontológico na tratativa da pesquisa crítico-normativa tomando em consideração que, primeiramente, a instituição social se autocompreende enquanto medium à emancipação e, em segundo, que a referida instituição provém de uma concepção destranscendental da razão o que remete como corolário de pesquisa a uma forma de pensar a filosofia social inserida desde a sua gênese constitutiva nos contextos históricos das comunidades sociais. (shrink)

Honneth propõe em seu livro Sofrimento de indeterminação reatualizar a filosofia do Direito hegeliano no sentido do argumento de que a ideia da vontade livre universal determina a esfera geral do Direito o que acarreta pensar a autodeterminação do indivíduo e suas condições intersubjetivas da própria autorrealização. Nesse sentido, a ideia básica é o conceito de liberdade. Se Honneth acerta no diagnóstico de propor uma reatualização da filosofia do Direito hegeliano com base na eticidade e não apenas na moralidade, não (...) creio que o faça satisfatoriamente no que diz respeito ao pensar as instituições na qual se constitui em uma das esferas da eticidade. E isso porque as condições intersubjetivas da autorrealização do sujeito passam a ser interpretadas por uma teoria da justiça que leve a sério a mediação das instituições. Diante da leitura de Honneth, penso que uma crítica possa ser feita: por que não pensar nas instituições enquanto mediadoras resolutivas das patologias sociais? A minha crítica assenta-se no argumento de que o projeto honnethiano para que realmente possa ser uma “reatualização” normativa precisa também pensar as instituições enquanto pressuposto e mediação normativas fundadas minimamente numa ontologia social, mas isso Honneth não quer ainda e nem se comprometeu em Sofrimento de Indeterminação. No presente artigo, proponho explicitar esse déficit de institucionalização em Sofrimento de Indeterminação para que, assim, ao propor o êxito ao determinar, que se constitui como tarefa de uma Filosofia Social, o pressuposto ontológico-social emerja como espaço para a normatividade. (shrink)

A filosofia social ocupa um lugar de destaque no âmbito da teoria crítica: em primeiro lugar, ela possui a tarefa de pensar o “Social” explicitando as contradições em uma determinada realidade; em segundo, ao encetar a reflexão sobre o “Social”, – entendido pelas práticas, relações e instituições sociais enquanto condições constitutivas para o exercício da liberdade –, a pesquisa crítica, sob a perspectiva sociofilosófica, se endereça para a identificação, análise e solução dos problemas sociais. Nesse sentido, a educação passa a (...) ser considerada enquanto uma mediação fundamental para o processo transformador da sociedade constituindo-se, portanto, enquanto esfera copartícipe desse mesmo “Social” na medida em que numa determinada ação pedagógica pode ser compreendida tanto por uma prática social quanto pelo estabelecimento de relações sociais mediadas por instituições sociais.Sob o fito de uma leitura crítica, própria dos pressupostos da filosofia social e da teoria crítica, pretendo explicitar, nesta pesquisa de caráter work in progress, que o programa educacional maranhense possui, no espírito de sua ação social, a orientação à práxis transformadora na medida em que intenta em efetivar aos assistidos pelo referido programa as condições mínimas de existência social nas quais são entendidas preliminarmente como a busca pela efetivação dos bens e direitos sociais. (shrink)

This study aims to examine the ethical decision-making model proposed by Schwartz, where we consider the factors of non-rationality and aspects that affect ethical judgments of auditors to make the decision to blow the whistle. In this paper, we argue that the intention of whistleblowing depends on ethical awareness and ethical judgment as well as there is a mediation–moderation due to emotion and perceived moral intensity of auditors. Data were collected using an online survey with 162 external auditors who worked (...) on audit firms in Indonesia as well as 173 internal auditors working in the manufacturing and financial services. The result of multigroup analysis shows that emotion can mediate the relationship between EAW and EJW. The nature of this relationship is more complex and then tested by adding moderating variables using consistent partial least squares approach. We found that EMT and PMI can improve the relationship between ethical judgments and whistleblowing intentions. These findings indicate that internal auditors are more likely to blow the whistle than external auditors; and reporting wrongdoing internally and anonymously are the preferred way of professional accountants to blow the whistle in Indonesia. (shrink)

This study aims to examine the ethical decision-making model proposed by Schwartz, where we consider the factors of non-rationality and aspects that affect ethical judgments of auditors to make the decision to blow the whistle. In this paper, we argue that the intention of whistleblowing depends on ethical awareness and ethical judgment as well as there is a mediation–moderation due to emotion and perceived moral intensity of auditors. Data were collected using an online survey with 162 external auditors who worked (...) on audit firms in Indonesia as well as 173 internal auditors working in the manufacturing and financial services. The result of multigroup analysis shows that emotion can mediate the relationship between EAW and EJW. The nature of this relationship is more complex and then tested by adding moderating variables using consistent partial least squares approach. We found that EMT and PMI can improve the relationship between ethical judgments and whistleblowing intentions. These findings indicate that internal auditors are more likely to blow the whistle than external auditors; and reporting wrongdoing internally and anonymously are the preferred way of professional accountants to blow the whistle in Indonesia. (shrink)

Sob o ponto de vista da teoria crítica e de uma crítica social, e mais recentemente, a ideia do progresso parece se estabelecer em uma ambivalência: de um lado, os postulados de Amy Allen encetaram uma _“Aufklärung”_ da concepção de progresso (ao qual eu chamo de concepção “negativa”) e os seus possíveis desdobramentos para a teoria crítica bem como para a crítica social; por outro, a concepção de progresso pode ser compreendida como uma “forma positiva” na qual se orienta junto (...) ao escopo constitutivo de uma teoria crítica ao corporificar, por exemplo, a justiça social enquanto mediação socionormativa ao processo de emancipação. Levando em consideração as assertivas supracitadas, revisitarei, nesta pesquisa, a centralidade da concepção de progresso em Amy Allen _(1) _para daí interpor uma ideia “positiva”. Nesse sentido, tomarei por referência socioinstitucional e empírica a política pública do programa social ‘Mais IDH’ ao qual se constitui tanto como uma resposta ao conceito de progresso em Amy Allen quanto uma condição possível de efetivação à justiça social (entendida basicamente pelas condições mínimas de existência) _(2)_. (shrink)

The more we rely on digital assistants, online search engines, and AI systems to revise our system of beliefs and increase our body of knowledge, the less we are able to resort to some independent criterion, unrelated to further digital tools, in order to asses the epistemic reliability of the outputs delivered by them. This raises some important questions to epistemology in general and pressing questions to applied to epistemology in particular. In this paper, we propose an experimental method for (...) the assessment of GPT-3’s capacity to generate consistent and coherent sets of outputs. When several outputs to one and the same input are very repetitive they tend to be consistent with each other, that is they do not contradict each other. But consistency does not make the set of outputs as a whole more informative than the outputs considered individually. We argue that the less informative a set of outputs is, the less coherent it is. We establish a conceptual distinction between consistency and coherence in the light of what some epistemologists refer to as a coherence theories of truth and justification. While much attention has been given to GPT-3’s capacity to produce internally coherent individual outputs, we argue, instead, that more attention should be given to its capacity to produce consistent and coherent outputs generated on a single-input-multiple-outputs basis. (shrink)

A pesquisa analisou a liberdade de expressão e a censura judicial no contexto inserido pela internet. Por meio do estudo bibliográfico e jurisprudencial, buscou-se definir o conteúdo do direito à liberdade de expressão e o seu exercício através da internet. Em seguida, passou-se a examinar o polêmico Inquérito das “fake news” (4.781 DF), do qual emanaram-se decisões colidentes com as garantias conferidas à liberdade de expressão. Por fim, após a discussão dos resultados, buscou-se evidenciar os perigos da censura judicial nas (...) plataformas virtuais. (shrink)

This work empirically tests the concept of the ‘whistleblowing triangle,’ which is modeled on the three factors encapsulated by the fraud triangle (pressure or financial incentives, opportunity and rationalization), in the Indonesian context. Anchored in the proposition of an original research framework on the whistleblowing triangle and derived hypotheses, this work aims to expand the body of knowledge on this topic by providing empirical evidence. The sample used is taken from audit firms affiliated with both the big 4 and non-big (...) 4 companies operating in Indonesia. The results of analysis using the PLS-PM method found a significant relationship between the components of the whistleblowing triangle and the intention of blowing the whistle. We found that financial incentives are the most significant predictor of auditors’ intention to blow the whistle in Indonesia. Other components, such as opportunity and rationalization, also play an important role in supporting auditors’ intention to blow the whistle. Our findings also suggest that related pressures are the top priority for audit firms in Indonesia to consider in increasing whistleblowing intention. We expand the previous literature on whistleblowing which has been derived from the components of the fraud triangle (Brown et al. in Account Public Interest 16(1):28–56, 2016; Smaili and Arroyo in J Bus Ethics, 10.1007/s10551-017-3663-7, 2017) by adding empirical evidence. (shrink)

O presente trabalho visa refletir sobre a experiência vivenciada durante os Estágios Supervisionados em Filosofia III e IV, as dificuldades encontradas, as descobertas no contato direto com a sala de aula e os aprendizados proporcionados ao graduando, de fundamental importancia para a constituição de sua identidade profissional.

Virginia Held nos propõe em seu capítulo “Care and Human Rights”, do livro Philosophical Foudantion of Human Rights, que utilizemos a perspectiva da ética do cuidado para pensar e efetivar as demandas que escolhemos tratar com a linguagem dos direitos humanos, na qual se prioriza tradicionalmente as questões da justiça. Ainda que reconheça a importância que os direitos humanos possuem em mobilizar forças tanto em âmbito internacional como na esfera nacional, no que diz respeito à efetivação de leis e de (...) políticas voltadas para problemas que afetam seriamente as populações dos países, Held frisa que milhares de pessoas ainda escapam a esse alcance, inclusive crianças, que morrem em número alarmante por desnutrição ou por doenças tratáveis. Destaca, ainda, que nossa concepção de direitos humanos é herdeira de uma visão individualista e violenta da tradição liberal, na qual o sujeito solitário vai enfrentar sozinho as forças do mundo, incluindo aí a natureza e as outras pessoas. Uma ética do cuidado, pela sua característica de reconhecer nossa situação necessária de vulnerabilidade e de interdependência, propõe-se como uma alternativa mais eficiente, por focar na relação entre cuidador/a e cuidado/a, buscando-se afastar das abstrações tradicionais como as que ela entende ser as demais abordagens éticas como a kantiana e a utilitarista, ainda tributárias daquela tradição liberal. (shrink)

This text aims to demonstrate the relevance and relevance of Nietzsche's criticism to the education of his time, especially those made in the text On the future of our educational establishments, in view of the purposes and objectives of Brazilian education, especially of basic education in high school, described in the Law of National Education Guidelines and in The Common National Curricular Base.

Corporate social responsibility has become a much-discussed subject in the business world. The Internet has become one of the main tools for CSR information disclosure, allowing companies to publicise more information less expensively and faster than ever before. As a result, corporations are increasingly concerned with communicating ethically and responsibly to the diversity of stakeholders through the web. This paper addresses the main question as whether CSR information disclosure on corporate websites is influenced by country of origin and/or industry sector. (...) Analysing the websites of 127 corporations from emerging countries, such as Brazil, Chile, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Thailand and South Africa, it becomes evident that both country of origin and industry sector have a significant influence over CSR information disclosure on the web . Based on the data studied, country of origin has a stronger influence over CSRIDOW than industry sector. (shrink)